See cluinn on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ro·cluinethar",
"rocluinethar#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*ɸro-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸro-"
],
[
"*klinutor",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/klinutor"
],
[
"*ḱl̥néwti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néwti"
],
[
"शृणोति",
"शृणोति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*ḱlew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "ro·cluinethar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ro·cluinethar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸro-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱl̥néwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृणोति",
"3": "",
"4": "hears"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti, “hears”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish ro·cluinethar, from Proto-Goidelic *ro-klunitor, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro- + *klinutor (metathesized to *klunitor in Proto-Goidelic), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti (compare Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti, “hears”)) from *ḱlew- (“to hear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chuala",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnidh",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntinn",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteil",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chuala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"independent",
"indicative",
"past",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "chualas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chualadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cuala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"past",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cualas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cualadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"independent",
"indicative",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"future",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"independent",
"indicative",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinninn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"independent",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinninn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneamaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"independent",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneadh sinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"independent",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneamaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh sinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"independent",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneamaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteil",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteil",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"personal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "{{{fut2}}}",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "cluinntinn",
"13": "or",
"14": "cluinnteil",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{vn3}}}",
"17": "past participle",
"18": "cluinnte",
"19": "",
"2": "verb",
"20": "{{{pp2}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "{{{pp3}}}\n-->",
"3": "past",
"4": "chuala",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{past2}}}",
"7": "future",
"8": "cluinnidh",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cluinn (past chuala, future cluinnidh, verbal noun cluinntinn or cluinnteil, past participle cluinnte)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cluinnidh",
"irreg": "yes",
"past": "chuala",
"pp": "cluinnte",
"vn": "cluinntinn",
"vn2": "cluinnteil"
},
"expansion": "cluinn (past chuala, future cluinnidh, verbal noun cluinntinn or cluinnteil, past participle cluinnte)",
"name": "gd-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined language links",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hear"
],
"id": "en-cluinn-gd-verb-SQAMRETV",
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cluinn"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"ro·cluinethar",
"rocluinethar#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*ɸro-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ɸro-"
],
[
"*klinutor",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/klinutor"
],
[
"*ḱl̥néwti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱl̥néwti"
],
[
"शृणोति",
"शृणोति#Sanskrit"
],
[
"*ḱlew-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱlew-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱlew-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "sga",
"3": "ro·cluinethar"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish ro·cluinethar",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ɸro-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ɸro-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ḱl̥néwti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "शृणोति",
"3": "",
"4": "hears"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti, “hears”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Irish ro·cluinethar, from Proto-Goidelic *ro-klunitor, from Proto-Celtic *ɸro- + *klinutor (metathesized to *klunitor in Proto-Goidelic), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱl̥néwti (compare Sanskrit शृणोति (śṛṇoti, “hears”)) from *ḱlew- (“to hear”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "chuala",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnidh",
"tags": [
"future"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntinn",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteil",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "irregular",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l-self",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "chuala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"independent",
"indicative",
"past",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "chualas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chualadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cuala",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"past",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cualas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cualadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnidh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"independent",
"indicative",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"future",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneas",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"independent",
"indicative",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent",
"indicative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinninn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"independent",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinninn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneamaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"independent",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneadh sinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"first-person",
"independent",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneamaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh sinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"independent",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "chluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal",
"independent"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinniste",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"dependent",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntear",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneamaid",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnibh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinneadh",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnte",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinntinn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"personal"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteil",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "cluinnteil",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"personal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"10": "{{{fut2}}}",
"11": "verbal noun",
"12": "cluinntinn",
"13": "or",
"14": "cluinnteil",
"15": "",
"16": "{{{vn3}}}",
"17": "past participle",
"18": "cluinnte",
"19": "",
"2": "verb",
"20": "{{{pp2}}}",
"21": "",
"22": "{{{pp3}}}\n-->",
"3": "past",
"4": "chuala",
"5": "",
"6": "{{{past2}}}",
"7": "future",
"8": "cluinnidh",
"9": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "cluinn (past chuala, future cluinnidh, verbal noun cluinntinn or cluinnteil, past participle cluinnte)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"fut": "cluinnidh",
"irreg": "yes",
"past": "chuala",
"pp": "cluinnte",
"vn": "cluinntinn",
"vn2": "cluinnteil"
},
"expansion": "cluinn (past chuala, future cluinnidh, verbal noun cluinntinn or cluinnteil, past participle cluinnte)",
"name": "gd-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Scottish Gaelic entries with incorrect language header",
"Scottish Gaelic irregular verbs",
"Scottish Gaelic lemmas",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Scottish Gaelic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱlew-",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Old Irish",
"Scottish Gaelic terms inherited from Proto-Celtic",
"Scottish Gaelic verbs",
"Undetermined language links"
],
"glosses": [
"hear"
],
"links": [
[
"hear",
"hear"
]
]
}
],
"word": "cluinn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cluinn meaning in All languages combined (8.7kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'relative future'",
"path": [
"cluinn"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cluinn",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'second/third person'",
"path": [
"cluinn"
],
"section": "Scottish Gaelic",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "cluinn",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.